Cosmology — [cracked]

Just a century ago, we believed the Milky Way was the entire universe. Today, cosmology has a standard model: . It is a deceptively simple mathematical framework asserting that the ordinary matter (atoms) making up stars, planets, and life accounts for less than 5% of the universe. The rest is dark matter (27%) and an even more mysterious dark energy (68%). This model is extraordinarily successful, yet it rests on foundations that many physicists suspect are incomplete.

Is ΛCDM in trouble? Not yet. But it is certainly under stress. The framework is so successful that it would be foolish to abandon it for minor anomalies. However, the persistence and growing significance of the Hubble tension suggest we are not dealing with mere noise. cosmology

Introduction: The Unlikely Success of a Dark Universe Just a century ago, we believed the Milky